Results indicate that male Asian customers’ foot dimensions differ significantly from those of North American and European customers (fig. 3). Foot widths for Asian customers were noticeably wider in all length classes except 295mm-300mm due to low scan counts; mean instep heights also differed more among them, although these differences weren’t as dramatic.

Figure 2 displays kernel density estimates for male and female customers separately. Boxes represent the 5th to 95th percentile range while whiskers extend beyond these boxes to indicate outliers; their area within is representative of 90% of scanned feet in each length class and region.

Figures 4 and 5 provide average values of foot widths, instep heights and heel widths across various length classes and regions. All three parameters depend on foot length; as foot length increases they all increase proportionately. Asian customers tend to experience slightly higher instep heights than North American and European customers in most length classes.